Storyboard for film opening

This is the beginning of the storyboard. The first scene will consist of the main characters feet walking along a street. Costume is important in this scene, as we want to show this character is a female, so any masculine shoes will not be used but instead quite feminine.

This shot will be partly an establishing shot as it will show some of the setting of the scene. It is also low angle, just showing the feet, giving mystery to who this person is. This will be panning, so the camera follows the feet. The sound of this scene will be the sound of shoes, so this is the main focus of what's happening in the scene.

This shot is a medium shot of the character sticking this 'Lost cat' poster on a post. This also is a zooming shot, this is to emphasise the poster is important in this scene. The sound will be the sound of the poster being put onto the post, this is so there are no distractions away from the poster.

This shot is a low angle shot of the feet of the character, and once again panning so the camera follows the feet. This shows the person walking back home after putting the poster up. This will also have panning, so the feet are followed. Similar to the first shot, this shot will have the sound of shoes which is diagetic sound.

This shot will be a long shot/ establishing shot of the character entering her house. This shows the setting to the audience.

This shot will be a two shot/ over the shoulder shot of the main character and their parent. The sound will consist of the parent asking if she's going to look for her lost cat.

Low angle shot of the feet walking out of the house (editing used will be graphic match) then fades onto the feet walking onto Ashtead common.

Using this editing technique skips time, so the audience doesn't get bored.

Again the sound will be the shoes walking, this shows that the shoes are the key part of this.

Also panning will be used once again to follow the feet.

This shot will be a zooming shot of a rustling hedge, this is zoomed in on as it is the main focus as the character thinks this may be her cat, so enters the woods. The sound will be the rustling of the hedge, this is to emphasise the action.

This shot will be an over the shoulder shot of the character looking into the woods. The sound will be the rustling of a hedge, and the character will be approaching it.

This shot is a long shot of the character walking through the woods, there will be the rustling sounds continued.

There will be a close up of the characters eyes, showing the fear. The sound will be the rustling noise.

This shot will show the zombie character running across in front of the main character. It will be a long shot. As it is dark, the viewer won't have any idea of what the zombie character looks like, or what it even is. The only sound will be the zombie character running across the woods.

This is an extreme close up of the eyes to show the fear of the main character, with the rustling sound continued. This is to show the fear of the unknown character.

There will then be a series of short shots, from close up of the eyes, to fast panning shots showing the zombie character running. There will be the noise of screaming.

Comparison to our film setting

In the film The Blair Witch Project, the setting is in the woods. This shows the characters being abandoned and unable to get help in such a rural setting. This adds tension for the audience as they know the characters wont be able to get help, so it raises the question if they will be able to escape the attack, or if they will not get away.

Film Setting

As the film setting is in the woods, this shows the main character as being abandoned in a rural setting, creating more tension in the film as the character cannot get any help. This can be compared to the film Friday The 13th. The films main setting is in the woods also, like our film beginning will be. This film applies the same setting, that when the main characters are attacked by Jason, they cannot get any help. How abandoned the setting is is shown in the picture below.

Media Setting

For our first two minutes of our film we have chosen these woods as the main setting. These woods are where the character we are following walks through, then is attacked by something unknown. These woods were chosen as because it's winter, the trees have no leaves and this will give an eerie horror movie feel to the scenes shot here. It looks very abandoned, relating back to the fact that in horror films rural settings are used so that the character cannot get any help when attacked, and is purely alone and not safe.

First ideas of film shots to use

These are my first ideas for the shots to use in my first two minutes of my film. These ideas will be changed, as my group will have ideas also and then we can combine them all to create better ideas.

• The film will begin with fade in editing used to introduce the film slowly. A low angle shot of some feet walking along the street will be shown and then a medium shot of hands sticking a poster (the lost cat poster) onto a post, and zooming in will be used to emphasise what is on the poster.
• This will then be followed by another low angle shot of the feet turning around and walking. Costume will be important for the feet shots, as the shoes will not be masculine or intimidating, giving the idea this is a bad character, they must be feminine to show who this character is. 
• There will then be a long shot/ establishing of the girl entering her house, showing where the girl is, what the setting is like. Giving the audience the idea this house isn't in a big city, but more of a rural setting.
• A two shot/ over the shoulder shot of the main character and their parent will be shown. It will be over the shoulder of the main character, showing the parent. It will have the dialogue consisting of the main character stating she is going to look for her lost cat.
• A low angle shot is used to show the feet of the main character walking out of the house and then up the road, then the editing of graphic match will be used to overlap the scenes to show the feet walking somewhere else. This will give the idea of a jump in time, so that the audience is not bored having to watch the feet walking for a long time. Using this editing technique will also connect both of these different scenes as it overlaps them for a brief second.
• As there is a rustling sound in a hedge in the woods nearby, there is a zooming shot to the hedge moving. The main character then presumes this may be her cat, and in hope enters the woods.
• There is an over the shoulder shot of the character looking into the woods where the rustling came from, and not seeing her cat.
• The main character then begins to walk through the woods, hearing more rustling sounds. There will be a series of fast shots to create tension, extreme close up shots of the characters eyes showing fear, the characters torch moving around the woods in long shots trying to identify what is making the rustling noise.
• A long shot is used when quickly something runs across the path of the woods.
• An extreme close up of the characters eyes are used here to show the fear.
• Then a long shot of the character is used, quickly showing the unknown character (the zombie) running towards her

Character Ideas: Comparison with Friday The 13th characters

• In the film Friday The 13th, the film follows the idea of characters getting killed off one by one, and the other characters not knowing who is doing this. This is very typical in horror movies, for example it also happens in Creep. We will be using this idea in our film beginning as it works well because it keeps the audience engaged, wanting to know who will be killed next, and who is killing everyone.
• Our main character for the beginning of our film will be compared with the characters who are going on vacation to Crystal Lake, as they all have no idea what is happening. Although our film beginning will not have the idea of killing of several different characters one by one, it will just be killing one. But this one character will show how in horror films people are not sure as to what is happening, as they are just leading their normal lives and then disaster strikes. As we see in Friday The 13th, people are killed in different places unexpectedly. For example, one male character is killed in a shed when going looking for something. In our film beginning, the character will be killed when walking through the woods looking for her cat.
• This film also follows the idea of setting the film in a rural setting, so that the characters cannot be helped. Our character will be attacked in the woods, again a place where she cannot be helped by somebody else.
• In this film, as people are killed the audience see who is actually doing it, therefore getting rid of the element of suspense, which we will be using in our film. Though this film does use the technique of really focusing on the main character. Unlike most horror films, such as 28 Days Weeks Later, which focuses on a group of people being feared, this focuses on one character. Why he is attacking people, and why he is the way that he is. Which may add suspense as it creates fear, knowing why this character has issues with other people.
• Our main horror character will not be based on Jason from the film Friday the 13th, as he is a lot larger than normal humans therefore adding more fear. Our horror characters will be normal human sized but with makeup on, like people back from the dead.

Character Ideas: Comparison with Creep characters

• Our main character will compare with Kate from the film Creep. This is because our character will be seen as innocent and living her normal life, and then suddenly something bad comes along in it which will be the zombies.
•  In the film Creep, Kate is living her normal life, trying to get to a party via the tube but falls asleep and suddenly bad things are happening, people are getting attacked by something in the tube station.
• The fact that whatever it is attacking people isn't shown is also effective, as it builds tension. This is an idea we will also be using for our film beginning, having the main character of our opening attacked by something, but people are unsure what as it will not be clearly shown.

Character Ideas: Comparison with 28 Weeks Later characters

• Our main character who is followed throughout the opening two minutes of our film will be based around the ideas of the characters (Don and his wife Alice) in the film 28 Weeks Later.
• I chose to compare the main character with the characters from 28 Weeks Later. This is because this films is based on people being infected, almost like zombies as they attack the normal people, so this compares to our opening of a film as we are including zombies.
• These characters are trying to escape from the infected in the film, similar to how in our film people will be trying to escape from the zombies. In the beginning of 28 Weeks Later, the characters Don and Alice are hiding in a house, and then Don runs from the infected. This emphasises how people try to escape from zombies/infected in films. And this will happen in our film also, the main character will be attacked by zombies and will be attempting to escape or get help in their situation.
• Also, in this film the characters that the audience and main characters fear (the infected) are normal humans, but just with makeup. This is relevant to our film as our horror characters will be humans with makeup on, instead of changing the people completely (e.g Jason from Friday the 13th)

Analysis of The Omen

This post will analyse the beginning of the film The Omen. I have chosen to analyse the beginning of this film as it comes under the genre of horror which is the genre I am focusing on as my 2 minute film beginning will be of this genre.


The film begins with diagetic sounds of cars moving along the street around the car that the main character is in. The shot is filmed at night, as usually at night bad things happen to characters in horror films so this creates tension to begin with. There is medium shot of the main character in the car, sometimes his face is lit up by street lights passed by, this creates tension as there is not proper lighting, creating the idea that something bad could happen any moment. In this shot there is a voice in the main characters head saying "The child is dead", this could be some relevance to happenings in the film, but the viewer will not be sure yet as they have no idea what he's talking about.
In the next scene a baby is shown in a nun's arms, slow piano and harp music is used to create tension for the audience, making them question, is there something wrong with this child?
As all of these scenes are to do with having a child, this shows that this is what the film is like.
At 1:39 this long shot/ establishing shot sets the scene to show where the film is set. As this film is set in the city, as it shows a lot of lights and busy streets full of cars even at night, it shows that something typical wont happen in the beginning of this film. For example if the setting was rural, it would suggest something bad will happen to the main character and they will not be able to get any help from anyone. Whereas because it is set in the city, this shows that help can be easily acessed.
At 2:24 there is a high angle shot. This shows the two characters as being small and having no power, showing whatever the bad character in the film is, that they will have power over these two characters.
At 2:35 there is a two-shot of the two male characters. This shot shows the emotion of the two characters through their body language. The character on the left seems concerned and the character on the right is upset.
At 4:25 there is a medium shot of a man speaking, and another man speaking in a medium shot follows. This is to emphasise their emotions about their conversation. A shot/ reverse shot is used for this to clearly show they are talking to one another and no one else is involved.

Horror film cliches

From Joe Queenan's guide to horror film cliches from the guardian, a lot can be learnt about the cliches in horror films.
For example, Queenan states that without cliches, horror films would be ruined and the audience would find it unusual. As Japanese horror films revolve around little girls who come back from the dead, if this did not happen, the audience would find this unusual as this is typically what they would want to see.
Another example Queenan states that it is typical is zombies turning up in strange places, and that the audience expect this to happen, if it did not, again this would be unusual. As Queenan says this, it is helpful towards my groups horror film beginning, as we are focusing on zombies, so making them turn up in unusual places is expected to happen.
Queenan states that horror films work best in rurual settings, this is helpful to keep in mind for my groups horror movie, as if a zombie film was set in a city, it wouldn't be as good, as the characters could be saved by other people. Where as if the film is set in a rural setting, the character will have no people to rely on to save them.
Another quote from this article helpful to my groups film is that horror movies also contain lots of scenes in which the living dead zip past an open door or window, but nobody sees them. This will be helpful as if we keep this in mind, it will add tension to our film including zombies, as the audience will not be sure what just went past, and what will happen to the characters.


The main parts of Joe Queenan's guide to horror film cliches that will help my group and I with our work creating the first two minutes of a film is the parts it is typical zombies turning up in strange places, and also horror films work best in rural settings. This is because we are to base our film in the woods, which is rural and abandoned, showing there is no help for the characters. Also zombies will turn up in the middle of the woods, which is a strange place, as they are very unexpected.

Analysis of the opening of The Ring

This post will analyse the beginning of the film The Ring. I have chosen to analyse the beginning of this film as it comes under the genre of horror, which my group has chosen to do for the first two minutes of our film. 
The film begins with an establishing shot of a house. The colouring is dark, showing it is evening/night. This gives the audience the idea something bad could happen any time soon, as typically in horror films bad things do happen at night. This shot has the diagetic sound of rain and people speaking over the top, which is a sound bridge as it follows on into the next shot.
The next shot is a long shot of two girls in a bed room, the camera is clearly angled from where the television is suppose to be, as the girl with the remote is flicking through channels and looking in the direction of where the camera is. Using a sound bridge with this shot shows to the audience that clearly these girls are in this house. The quote beginning "I hate television..." and the fact that the shot of the two girls in a bedroom is based around television, gives the idea that this film may be based around something to do with a television. 
In between the shot of the house and the shot of the two girls, there is a sharp quick sound. This sound may be diagetic or non-diagetic, as it could be from the television, though it may be added in also because it adds tension to the change of shots.
At around 1:18, the girl with the black hair begins talking about a tape. Similar to in Silent Hill, it's always in horror films the male/female characters with black hair who cause the trouble, and this film re-enforces this view. An over the shoulder shot is used to show the girl with the black hair is speaking directly to the other girl. The camera slowly zooms in to the girl with the black girl as she is speaking, to put emphasis and focus on what she is saying, as it is obviously important in the film. The only other sound is the rain in this shot, as if there was still the sound of the television (it was previously turned off) it would be distracting. 
At 1:47 an over the shoulder shot of the other girl is shown. This shot is also a close up, so the audience focus' on the reaction of this character. She is obviously fearful of this tape, as she is looking at the girl with the black hair worryingly.
At 3:22 a close up of the girl with brown hair is shown, as the phone starts ringing. This shot shows the fear in her expression.
This shot is then followed by a zooming shot of the clock, to emphasise what the time is, and that she is obviously in danger because of this. The shot has non-diagetic sounds over the top of it, a low sound that gets faster, making the audience scared and know clearly the time is relevant to the phone ringing, and the brown haired girl. Using a zooming shot is effective when wanting to make the audience focus on a particular object in a film.

As this film beginning is set in a bedroom, this creates a strange feeling for the audience. This is because usually a bedroom is a place of comfort and safety, but the beginning of this film changes this idea and gives it a tense feeling as the girls begin to talk about the tape, and then the phone rings.

Analysis of the opening of Silent Hill

This post will analyse the beginning of the film Silent Hill. I have chosen to analyse this film as it links to the chosen genre of my groups film, horror.

When there are titles and then it leads into the film, it is a sound bridge of the dialogue coming from the woman. This makes the audience begin to feel tense, as they aren't sure what's going to happen.
The film begins with dull lighting being used, this makes the film seem as if it is starting off negative, as using bright lighting gives a positive feeling.
The sound begins with dialogue from a female character, screaming the name of her daughter. It becomes apparent it is about a child as the female character picks up a teddy bear, which assumeably belongs to the child. This gives an idea to the audience that the film is based on the child and what happens to them.
Synchronised sound is used to amplify the sounds of the forest, e.g bugs making noises. This is so that it becomes clear to the audience of the setting of the film, that it is in the forest. As typically a film that is set in a forest shows danger, as the house is abandoned and if the people living in the house get into danger, there is no one else to save them. The synchronised sounds of the car adds tension to the scene, as there is not a lot of sound and then suddenly there is the loud sounds of cars passing by. This also gives the idea that the film is set somewhere that's busy, as there is cars driving around even late at night.
An aerial shot is used of the woman running along the rocks near to a waterfall, this is to clearly show the setting and her costume. The setting is near to a waterfall, suggesting danger as being that near to a cliff is dangerous. Her costume (clothes she would most probably wear in bed) shows she has panicked about whatever is happening and whoever has gone missing, as she has gone out late at night without a coat, showing the rush and panic.
The diagetic sound of the waterfall really emphasises the setting for the audience. An establishing shot is then used to show where the woman character is. This shot shows how high up the waterfall is, and emphasises the danger. A close up shot is then used on the woman's face to clearly show the fear of seeing her daughter standing on the edge of a cliff.
A mid shot is used of the daughter. This shows how the daughter is acting possessed, muttering to herself with her eyes not properly opened. She is also swaying, making the audience feel as if she's going to fall. An aerial shot is then used to show how close she is to the edge of the cliff, this creates tension as she may fall.
Creepy music begins to play when the daughter is shown on the screen. This creates tension as the audience do not know what is going to happen, but as this music is used it is guaranteed to be something bad, as in most horror films.
The aerial shot then looks as if the camera is falling over the cliff. Computer edited objects then appear, slowly turning to a red colour with black surrounding. As red is the colour of danger this then creates tension as the audience doesn't know where the camera is leading. A face is then shown surrounded by fire. The fire makes the audience know that this is dangerous, and a face is then shown quickly. This makes the audience question what is going on, what that face is about too. The non-diagetic sounds and music speed up as the camera is falling.
After the face is shown with the fire, a close up of the little girl is shown. She still seems possessed, which makes the audience know that there is a connection between the computer generated face and this little girl. The little girl has black hair and pale skin, suggesting she may be something evil. As typically in horror films, little children with black hair and pale skin are to be feared. Examples of this are The Grudge's child and Damien from The Omen.
A quick long shot of the girl about to fall and her mother saving her is used. Also included in this shot is a prop, a glowing cross. This is used to make the audience question whether religion is relevant to this little girl being possessed, because it isn't just a coincidence that the cross is there. In this shot it is also clear that the setting is very misty, creating a more tense feeling, as not everything can be seen in the surroundings, meaning something more could be there and this builds suspense for the audience. 
When the little girl is screaming and moving, it is clear something is very wrong with her. As before she was silent, and as she was knocked over by the woman she has begun screaming. She says "Silent Hill" which is the name of the film. As it seems she still may be possessed when she says this, it is clear this place is clearly a main factor of the film, and something for the audience to look out for and focus on.
Further on there is a long shot of the family after the girl has stopped screaming. This shot again shows the misty, dull setting, showing what has just happened is clearly negative. But also in this shot, the glowing cross is shown again in the light. Emphasising this, as well as Silent Hill, will be a key factor of the film for the audience to focus on. A sound bridge is used from this scene to the next, which is the title of the film. This slow, non-diagetic music shows what has just happened is upsetting for the adults, as it is slow piano music, used so the audience empathise with the adults, even know they aren't certain what is happen. As the title Silent Hill comes across the scene, drums are added in over the soft piano music, creating tension and suspense for the audience, as they know now something bad happens in Silent Hill. 
In the beginning of Silent Hill, a lot of short takes and quick cuts happen with each shot, this is to show the action in the film is happening quickly, so the audience is panicing. Also if the shots were longer than ten seconds long each, this would make the audience bored and not feeling tense and scared about what is happening in the film, as it wouldn't be fast paced.

Analysis of the opening of The Grudge

This post will analyse the beginning of the film The Grudge. I have chosen this film as it links to the chosen genre my group and I have chosen to base our 2 minute filming on, horror. The beginning of this film clearly shows how in films with the genre of horror, every scene is used to create tension, even right from the beginning. 

To show the negativity and fear that needs to be shown in this film, dull colouring is used. As in filming, using bright colouring will create a positive feeling, therefore using dull colouring creates a bad feeling about the happenings in this film already. 

The first part of the film shows a man committing suicide, which appears to be for no reason at all. As it also shows another character, a woman. As she is in bed, there are sexual connotations meaning he may be in a relationship with her. When she speaks to him, she appears very happy, where as he does not answer. This shows that it may be something to do with their relationship, but most likely it is not. It leaves the viewer questioning what was wrong with the man, why he committed suicide. 

The first part of the film uses a series of long shots to show the setting, and then also to show the characters and where they are. This is effective as it shows how they are high up in a building, and in a city also. The long shots showing setting also use the tilt camera movement. This is effective as the tilt keeps the camera to its horizontal axis whilst the camera lens moves up or down. Using the tilt camera movement shows how tall the building is, as it moves the lens in an upward motion. Using long shots is also effective as one of them is a two shot also, which includes the two characters having conversation and shows the woman in bed, making the viewer question their relationship more. These shots are then followed by medium shots of each character. One of the male, showing the upset expression on his face, and one of the woman, showing a happy expression on her face. This shows the clear contrast of emotions of what is happening in this scene, again creating questions for the audience such as why are they both feeling such different emotions. This is then followed suddenly by a long shot and two shot of the man leaning over the edge of the balcony to fall to his death. This is also followed by a point of view shot, from the males eyes as he is falling from the balcony. This is effective as the audience really take notice of his death, they will take notice of the height he has fallen from so it is clear he will not live through this. A point of view shot is also used to show the man at his death, which is then followed by a long shot of how tall the building is. Using these shots really emphasises this horrific event.

This scene gives the audience no idea what will happen in the film. But it will raise questions in their mind, wanting them to watch on. Though, as the main character has not been introduced even slightly, some viewers may loose interest because they want to know the main character is the cause for all disturbances and deaths in this film, as this is what happens in most horror films.


Further on during this clip of part one of The Grudge, an Asian woman is shown riding her bicycle. This gives an idea to where the film could be set, as it focuses on this woman. (Later in the scene inside the house futons and other furniture in the room are shown. Futons and the other furniture is typically Asian, again showing the setting.) The fact that this film is set in an Asian country gives the idea that it could be a very scary horror film, as most Asian horror films are typically like this. This woman is then shown caring for another woman in her house. This makes it questionable why this woman needs to be cared for. Throughout this, slow piano music is used to create tension for the audience, as if something could happen to one of the characters soon. As the music is quite quiet too, it creates suspense. Something clearly seems to be wrong in this household. This is shown by the setting, the living room which the strange woman character is first seen in is untidy. Also, creating the idea something may be wrong, when the other woman says "Do you remember me?" showing how this woman may have memory loss. The audience will see this woman as strange, as she does not reply to anything that is said to her. Also the way she just stares away from other characters. Another thing that may make the audience question what is wrong is when the woman is tucked into bed by the Asian woman. The Asian woman's change in clothing then makes it clear she could be their maid, or something of similar status. Acting is important in creating the tension in this scene, as again, it makes the audience question what is going on.

The Asian woman is then seen walking up the stairs and she then hears a noise coming from another room. The music then changes, becoming more tense so the audience knows that something will happen. But as the music is slow still, it makes them unsure of when it will actually happen. The woman is then seen using a small prop, a lighter, to create light in a very dark setting. Using this technique of only a small bit of light showing the woman's face clearly shows the curiosity of what the noise is, and then the fear as she sees what it is. There is then a quick close up shot of The Grudge. This then shows the audience who the main character of the film is, and will make them interested as to what is to happen next.

Costume ideas

As we have chosen to have zombies in our horror film, I have begun looking at costumes for zombies in other films. This will be useful when having to do make-up for the actors/actresses as we can see from films what looks the most scary and what we would like to use. The below image is from the film Shaun Of The Dead. It displays the costumes of the zombie characters. I like this idea as it shows how people have become zombies, by having them in their usual clothes but with blood and contacts in their eyes to give them an obvious zombie look to them.

Images inspiring our film ideas

Film ideas

For our film we have chosen the genre of horror.

• The setting will be partly in a house, but then mainly in the woods at night. Shooting the film at night will create tension as the audience will not be able to see clearly what is going on. The main light of the scene will be a torch, creating even more tension in the scene.
• The plot of the first two minutes of the film will be a shot of a girl sticking up a poster of her lost cat, then going home and being asked by her parents if she's going to look for the cat. She says yes and heads off in the dark looking, she ends up looking in the woods as she heard a rustling sound hoping it was her cat. She then gets mysteriously attacked. The last shot shows a missing poster underneath where the lost cat poster was, showing the missing girl. This leaves the audience wondering what has happened to her and creates tension within the village that she lives in.
• Similar to other horror films, a character always gets attacked by something unknown at the start of the film, and then the film progresses into other people getting attacked and discovering what is attacking these people. Using this technique creates a lot of tension for the audience, making them wonder what is attacking people and what's going to happen to everyone in the village at the end of the film.
• We will use a lot of silences, rather than music. Using silence creates more tension as the audience will begin thinking some thing's going to jump out at the character or something is going to happen. Where as music can sometimes ruin scenes, making the scene become more comical rather than scary.

Horror film ideas

For our film we have chosen the genre of horror. Below is a mind map of ideas that my group and I came up with, to begin thinking of what the story of our horror film will be.

genres of films

• To begin, my group and I came up with a mindmap of some genres of films we would like to explore for our film opening. We chose ones closely related to one another, rather than choosing for example horror films and a romantic film, as they aren't similar at all.
• We wanted to choose a film that didn't have a very specific audience, as it would be easier to produce the beginning without having in mind how someone in particular would view it. (For example with a romantic film, when making the opening it would always have to be thought about what the female audience would think of this, as they are the main target audience.)

Preliminary Task

The above video is our preliminary task clearly showing match on action, shot/ reverse shot and the 180 degree rule which are vital parts to include in a film.

Preliminary Exercise: Film Still Four

This still shows the two characters together. For this shot a high angle shot was used. This is effective as it shows some of the setting, it also shows the actions of the characters. As after this still, the characters stand up. If a shot at normal level was used, the camera would have to move up to capture them, and this would not look as smooth and professional as using a high angle shot is, as the camera does not have to move a lot.

Preliminary Exercise: Film Still Three

This still is a shot of the character, Steve, after he has heard upsetting news from Rob. For this a close-up shot was used. Using this shot emphasises the emotion coming from the character. As this close up just focuses on the eyes there are no distractions for the viewer, all they can focus on is the emotion from the eyes.

Preliminary Exercise: Film Still Two

This shot is of the second character, Rob. This still is taken of Rob when he was speaking. When dialogue was exchanged in this short film, we used over the shoulder shots and shot/ reverse shot to go back and forth between the characters speaking. An over the shoulder shot is effective as it shows who the character is speaking to, and it also shows what their facial expression is when they are speaking. This shot includes all the vital parts the viewer needs to see when the characters are speaking.

Preliminary Exercise: Film Still One

This still is of one of the characters in the short film, Steve. This is a medium shot of the character coming through the door. A medium shot is effective as it shows most of the character, making it clear of their actions and costume. For this shot, the camera movement panning was used. This movement is effective as it makes it easy for the viewers to be able to follow the character around the setting from the door.

Preliminary Excercise

For the preliminary exercise we were told to film a simple clip of a character opening a door, crossing the room and sitting down in a chair opposite another character, then to exchange a couple of lines of dialogue. This task is to mainly focus on practicing camera work and using the editing software. For this task we also had to make sure we stuck to the rules of match on action and the 180 degree rule. It must also include shot/ reverse shot.

• The 180 degree rule is the idea of staying on one side of the action, so that the viewer doesn't get confused with which side they are on of the characters. This is helpful in clearly showing where the characters are placed in the room, so that the filming looks natural and the viewer isn't confused by the filming, therefore not focusing on dialogue.
• Match on action is the idea of keeping all the props, costumes and actions the same. For example, when the camera changes angle, the props must not move from one place to another between shots, same as the characters, they must not either. As similarly to the 180 degree rule, this will confuse the audience meaning that they will not focus on the actions/ dialogue and will be instead distracted by the fact that there isn't match on action. 
• Another aspect which must be used in our film is shot/ reverse shot. This is used when characters are making conversation. The camera angle will change depending on who is speaking. This is affective as it shows expressions/ reactions to dialogue, so the viewer can clearly see how the characters feel.

Media Definitions

These definitions are affective in creating our own film opening, as they are aspects which will be important to the film through editing, choice of costume, etc.

Mise-en-scene
Everything that is in the frame of a scene.
Nothing in a film is there by accident. Mise-en-scene is a broad term, covering everything that the audience sees in the film scenes.
For example, colours, props, set, costumes and lighting.

Establishing shot
Showing the location or character
(Used for setting up the film, showing where it is set or who is it about)

Shot-reverse Shot
Used for conversation between characters
For example, seeing someones eyes as they're speaking, and then seeing the other character that they're looking at.

Continuity Editing
Editing film to check that everything is right
Checking everything is the same. For example, checking nothing has moved in between shots so the scene doesn't make sense.

Examples of Editing Transitions
Jump cut
Fade
Wipe

Sound Bridge
Bridging the gap between scenes using music

Film Key Terms

Shots

Close-up
Shot showing character from neck up
Used for showing facial expressions

Medium shot/ Mid shot
Shot showing character from waist up
Allows other characters to be in view, so allows interactions (used for sociable shots)

Extreme Close Up
Focus' on a small detail E.g. An eye/ hand

Long Shot
Shot showing a setting or character from a distance

High Angle Shot
Shot taken from above looking down
Makes audience feel powerful - making character seem vulnerable and weak

Low Angle Shot
Shot taken from below as if audience is being looked down on
May make us feel small and vulnerable, whilst actors are powerful

Camera Movements

Panning

Camera moving in an arc from a fixed position

Tracking

Camera is on tracks and follows the action

Zoom

Camera moves into (or out from) close-up

Often used to focus attention on a relevant detail or emphasises a characters reaction

Sound

Diegetic Sound

Music or sound coming from the scene of the film

(Sound that the characters can hear)

Non-diegetic Sound

Music or sound effect that is added to film during the editing

(For example, voice over or music added in)

Mise-en-scene in Kidulthood

In looking at the Mise-en-scene in the film Kidulthood, areas such as positioning of the characters/objects, set/props, facial expressions and body language, costumes and lighting/colour were looked at. All of these contribute into the making of the scene.

When looking at the positioning of characters and objects, in the first few minutes of Kidulthood it was easy to see that all characters were in particular groups, as they were all standing in groups in the school play ground. The fear coming from some characters is shown and focused on, for example when one male character spits in a girls hair. The girl comes across as weak, as she does not stand up for herself. This shows the social hierarchy and grouping in the school. Dominant characters of the film are shown a lot, you can see they're dominant as they show it in the way they stand and their facial expressions.
When a character is being beaten up, a high angle shot is being used. This is to show the power the dominant character has over the other character.

The set of the first few minutes of Kidulthood is at school. This is clear because of uniform, people playing football and a teacher being shown. It is also apparent this is set in London as the characters have accents to make this clear. Using a football as a prop shows something every day and normal that is going on at the school, people playing football.
There are also phones shown, and people smoking. These two props show the rule breakers clearly against the people who are not rule breaking, so it is easier for the viewer to see who the bad and rebellious characters are.

Facial expressions and body language are important in the first few minutes of Kidulthood as it shows the social hierarchy of the school. The fear of characters who have lower social status is shown by people walking away from the rebellious characters. Also, the characters who have lower social status keep a straight face when near to the rebellious characters, as if not to cause any trouble with them. They also look at the floor a lot, showing lack of confidence and fear to the audience. Rebellious characters are shown with facial expressions showing they have attitude and are angry, as if to strike fear into others, to show they're important.

The main costumes used are school uniforms. As the school uniform is quite scruffy looking, this shows how the school is not a private school. Rule breakers and rebellious characters are shown with costumes which would go against the school rules. For example, girls with gold earrings and high up hair. These aspects of the costumes makes it clear these characters are in a particular group. Another group of boys is shown wearing hoodies over their school uniform. They are shown as a separate group of their own as they all wear hoodies and all stick together.

Colour and lighting is used to show the mood of the first few minutes of Kidulthood. The colouring of the scenes are not bright, they are quite dull. This could represent how the characters think that school is dull. The lighting is natural, there is no studio lighting. Making this film more realistic for the audience.
In the scene where one of the characters is beaten up by another girl, it is in a classroom. The classroom has quite bright lighting, as the light is bouncing off the white walls. Bright lighting is usually a place of safety in films, but in Kidulthood this proves to be wrong, as the girl is beaten up in this lighting.